Thursday, 10 December 2009

Coursework Options


Short Film
Defined as no longer than 40 minutes in running time, usually between one to fifteen minutes. Apart from running times there are no precise criteria or characteristics that apply to short film.

Teaser Trailers
Between 30 to 60 seconds in length and ususally contain little or no footage from the actual film. A good example is the teaser trailer of the remake of A Nightmare On Elm Street (Micheal Bay 2010) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yBDXYZDu5zs
From looking at both short films and teaser trailers I decided to base my coursework on teaser trailers as i felt i had more direction and ideas in this genre and was generally more interested in it. I felt I had more previous knowlege of the feature film genre than the short film and prefered the print based tasks associated with the trailer task.


I the ancillary tasks related to the teaser trailer, rather than the short film tasks as I am interested in developing skills in photoshop.

Tuesday, 6 October 2009

Codes And Conventions

Wild Child (Nick Moore) 2009 Universal Pictures

http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/wild-child/trailer

Universal sign normal, then fades to glitter signifying genre, chick flick. Sound of phone ringing anchors genre. American voice over, stereotype of England raining and cloudy, private school, pheasants.


Triangle (Christopher Smith) 2009 Icon Entertainment International

http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/triangle/promo-trailer

Begins with flashing, establishing shot of a corridor comes into focus. Point of view shot moving forward.
Very short cuts rapidly appearing, flashing, sound of screaming in background. Red filter connoting violence. Flashes of dead bodies with scream in background creates tension. Short cuts and red filter keeps violence off screen. Cuts to black then gives exposition to vague story line. Violence and action at start of trailer has already built tension therefore audience already feels uneasy. Dark lighting used at beginning, whereas emphasis on colour white used in exposition to bring audience back to reality, signifies everything is well, then reverts back to dark lighting when things start to go wrong. Serif font, rust coloured, metallic represents boat. Mask used to create narrative enigma. Stills used of masked character, the characters looking distressed with red filters flashed over connote violence without showing it.

Fish Tank (Andera Arnold) 2009 BBC Films

http://www.apple.com/trailers/independent/fishtank/

Opening shot through mirror of teenage girl applying eyeliner, cuts to shot of another girl similar age drinking vodka from the bottle. Signifies lower social class and genre of film, social realism. Shot of council flats anchors genre. Fighting with mother and accents anchor social class. Closeness of faces in shot of of girl and mothers boyfriend signifies underlying romance.

Obsessed (Steve Shill) 2009 Screen Gems

http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/obsessed/trailer

Girl looking at pictures of central protagonist over the top of audio of her introducing herself to him shows she already knows who he is, suspicious. Shot of leg shown and girl walking away connotes she is sexually available. Men making comments about appearance. Shots of woman drinking and talking about wild parties. Fast passed shots of woman caressing mans back, touching him and pulling up skirt with audio of man telling her to stop. Man walking away looking distressed. Sorority Row (Stewart Hendler) 2009 Karz Entertainment

http://www.traileraddict.com/tags/sorority-row

Quick cuts of teenagers at parties, with alcohol, dance music playing.
Blue filter when trailer turns sinister but upbeat music still playing, girls seem calm about girl dying signifying prank. High pitch scream and music stops when girl gets killed signifying the prank has gone wrong. Light filter returns to normal when the situation seemingly is resolved. Returns at realisation it is not. Quick takes of girls dying, hooded figure creates narrative enigma.
Children singing song over scenes of deaths.

Cruel Intentions (Rodger Kumble) 1999 Columbia Pictures

http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/cruel-intentions/trailer

Opens with medium shot of male and blurred female in front signifying main character.
Girl drops glass, clumsy, childlike. Shot of New York gives exposition of setting.
Blonde character and male placed next to each other, juxtaposition she is introduced as a paradigm of chastity and virtue where as he is described as living in a world of sex and drugs.

Eden Lake (James Watkins) 2008 Rollercoaster Films

http://www.moviesonline.ca/TheFeed/index.php?id-EdenLake-Trailer

Shot from above of car leaving city, entering more rural setting. Music suggests romance however sans serif broken font suggests thriller. Flash of red when music turns shows disruption of the equilibrium.
Dress, taste in music and accents teenagers shows lower social class.

Bruno (Larry Charles) 2009 Universal Pictures

http://www.traileraddict.com/trailer/bruno/international-red-band-trailer

Starts with low key music, stereotypically thriller, serif font writing "three years ago" documentary style. Reviews of previous film, relates to already well built fan base. Austrian folk music playing contrasts with camp character introduced and Milan fashion week. Stereotypically gay character wearing sheer top, tight trousers, styled hair.

The Last House On The Left (Dennis Iliadis) 2009 Rouge Pictures

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/the-last-house-on-the-left/trailer


"Only house for miles" foreshadows events, isolation. Dark haired girl is flirty, taking drugs, binary opposition fair haired girl seems more shy, reversing stereotypes. Upbeat music broken by flash and door opening combined with noise similar to knives dropping, creates suspense and clearly anchors horror genre. Flirty brown haired girl first to be at knife point, typical scream queen. Slow music from piano starts to play when parents find daughter injured, creates wrong impression that they want to escape rather than taking revenge. Slow song sung in childlike voice juxtaposed with scenes of violence makes violence seem more shocking.

A Nightmare on Elm Street (Samuel Bayer) 2010 New Line Cinema

www.nightmareonelmstreettrailer.com/

Begins with long shot of derelict buildings, blue filter signifies supernatural forces. Red serif font with blood splatter effect used gives anchorage to horror genre. Name "Kruger" used along with man getting burned, relates to already built fan base "Freddie Kruger" a character scared from burns signifies remake or prequel. Flashing images of girls dressed in white, a bed covered in snow, connotations of innocence suggests girl talking may be final girl. Elm Street sign relates to fan base. Shots of different houses with audio of children singing. Room filled with candles suggests ritual. Silhouettes of two children walking at night, blue tint used. Metal hand shown whilst chasing a girl instantly recognizable as Freddie Kruger gives more anchorage to genre. Technique of audio of children singing placed over violence, contrasting innocence makes the violence more shocking.

American Beauty (Sam Mendes) 1999 DreamWorks SKG

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/american-beauty/trailer

Shots of ordinary suburban streets suggests setting and class of characters, ABC1. Blonde teenage female pouting suggests sexually available. Music grows slightly more upbeat, suggesting comedy genre or feel good movie. Dark haired girl portrayed as geeky, mothers reaction to her doing well suggests strained relationship"you didn't screw up once" fast pased with fast music gives connotations of parody, shattered by gunshot suggests dark comedy.

Prom Night (Nelson Mcormick) 2008 Allience Films

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/prom-night/trailer

Pop rock music and clips of students around school suggests comedy or feel good film. Girls talking about dresses, Blonde girl says hers is sexy connotes she is sexually available, suggests she will be killed first however this is a false reveal as she turns out to be the final girl. Upbeat music stops abruptly and lights go out. As they flash back on shows short takes of character looking concerned along with shots of people dead.
Police investigation used to reveal story behind killings, Bridgeport Official Video Evidence and shots of case files flashed on screen to create verisimilitude. Close up shots of mouths screaming used to keep violence off screen. Music cuts to silence, warped noises create tension.

Silence Of The Lambs (Jonathan Demme) 1991 Orion Pictures

www.reelzchannel.com/trailer-clips/.../the-silence-of-the-lambs-trailer

Close up still of villain. Woman walking into jail, exaggerated sound of prison door slamming creates isolation between central protagonist and the villain. Clips of newspaper cuttings give verisimilitude. Point of view shot walking towards prison cell builds tension. Close ups of face again, surrounded by fire, connotations of the devil, anchorage of horror genre. Villains face reflected behind central protagonist, connotes he is watching her.

Scream (Wes Craven) 1996 Dimension Films

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTWf9QGdJCQ

Drew Barrymore is first character introduced, already well known, recognizable so audience can relate to her, was comeback film so therefore encourages audience to go see the film.
Shot of detached house with trees overhanging. Suggests middle class family and isolation owing to it being detached. Blue tint suggests supernatural forces. Non diegetic music, warped long drawn out.
Sounds fairly innocent, teenager flirting until "I want to know who I'm looking at" music amplifies at this point. Pause and zooms in on girls face, then close up of smashing window and shot of girl screaming with scream mask reflected in window.
Dark haired girl when asked if she likes scary movies lists all common stereotypes of them, over clips of them happening in the film shows she is more aware, final girl.
Shots of police calls and cars. "It started with a scream on a 911 call" shows police are little help stereotypical of horror films.
Teenage boy reciting rules to survive a horror movie anchors parody aspect to film.

District 9 (Neill Blomkamp) 2009 TriStar Pictures

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/district-9/trailer

Medium shots of people talking in interview style, suggests documentary, government mentioned gives verisimilitude
Interview with alien, blurred out face like in documentary also gives verisimilitude.

Jennifer's Body (Karyn Kusama) 2009 Dune Entertainment

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/jennifers-body/red-band-trailer

Long shot of girl swimming in a river, blue tint signifies supernatural.
Shot of girl walking down corridor, others dressed in grey and blurry, she wearing pink and in focus signifies central protagonist.
Switching gender stereotypes, female as killer.
Red filter over scenes of violence connotes blood without actually showing any. Silhouette of character with fangs and animistic type screeching signify character is not human whilst leaving some narrative enigma to the audience as to what she actually is.
Drum beat begins when violence does, maintains tension throughout rest of trailer, making audience still feel tense even in more every day scenes. Burning tongue with lighter signifies possible invincibility and anchors supernatural element.
Male gaze theory used in shot of central protagonist looking at self in mirror in revealing clothes and shot of girl unzipping top, camera lingers on body for a second.

Salt (Philip Noyce) 2010 Columbia Pictures

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/salt/trailer

Opening shots, gives exposition of police interview room, High tech computers signify government, higher than average police service. Blonde attractive woman interviewing, binary opposition, would be stereotypically male, or brunette woman. Drum beat matches with action eg doors slamming. Font, bold, serif metallic coloured signifies technology, anchors thriller genre. Some shots have filter with lines across screen connotes handheld camera, documentary style, gives verisimilitude. Some shots in black and white. Woman involved in all action jumping from bridges for example, reversing gender roles and stereotypes. Blonde woman shown begging, tearful saying she is innocent, wearing smart suit. When dyes hair brown character is portrayed differently, more composed, violent, shown killing a police officer.

Taken (Pierre Morel) 2009 Europa Corp.

www.trailerspy.com/trailer/678/taken-trailer/

Blonde and brown girls juxtaposed, foreshadows what might happen, blonde girl gets in to trouble first. Flash of photo goes negative colours, like an x-ray connotes something bad is going to happen. Exposition to story line, father being a spy, flashbacks. Music stops at violent flashback. Extreme long shot of Paris including Eiffel Tower gives exposition to location. Split screens used to show phone call, each persons emotions, girl getting taken and friends reaction. White flashes filter over shots, highlighting disorientation. Father tells daughter to hide, audience assume for her safety, audio amplifies then stops abruptly, he says they are going to take her, as she gets dragged from under bed white filter returns. Shots of man on the phone cut in-between shots of him killing and fighting people. Police tag gives exposition to job. Shots of explosion with audio of him talking, shown taking control over people who have taken daughter.

Halloween 2 (Rob Zombie) 2009 Dimension Films

http://www.apple.com/trailers/weinstein/h2/

Black and white shot of man from behind, connotes flashback. Long shot of character facing boy used to portray size of character. Shot of police officer being killer, fits with horror stereotype, police and figures of authority are usually useless. Shots of clowns and skeletons faded on and off screen, not in usual location fans of the franchise will expect eg suburban town. Cuts back to girl in house shutting bathroom cabinet, man with deformed face reflected behind. Doesn't have mask on but boiler suit connotes to already built fan base this is Michael Myers. All shots of murders are low dutch angle, to emphasize the characters power and possibly make audience feel disorientated with dutch angle. Tombstone with Myers on, audio over police talking about how Michael has become more evolved, then shots of him tipping over a car to anchor this. Dark shot use of flash like lightning to show face. Title in serif font, blood stained flickering about the screen. Ending shot, from below Michael Myers bringing weapon down appearing to hit the camera.

Friday The 13th (Marcus Nispel) 2009 New Line Cinema

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/friday-the-13th-2009/trailer

Opens black screen, sounds of birds echoing signifies forrest, outdoors. Extreme long shot of lake. Fades black, flash of blue tinted light signifies supernatural, paranormal. Blue tint used again in shot of derelict house. Shots keep cutting to black, girl running through forrest with torch exaggerated panting, only source of light is moving torch, makes audience disorientated. Non diegetic voice over of older woman talking about son Jason drowning, already established fan base will identify with this. Diegetic sound of girl crying "Oh my god" suggests scream queen. Black and white shot of girl looking shocked signifies flashback, faces of teenagers looking shocked signifies present. Camp crystal lake sign gives anchorage to fan base. Ambient noise gradually amplified, together with girl crying, stops when shots cut to black. Over head light swinging, only source of light flashes on to Jason in mask, loud drum noise when he comes into shot, Jason disappears. Cuts to black, straight into shot of girl screaming makes audience jump, then shot of Jason running towards her. Shows to already established fans he has changed/evolved as in first films he shuffles slowly, zombie like. Cuts to black then extreme close up pans out, mask Jason wore in first films.


The Blair Witch Project (Daniel Myrick) 1999 Haxan Films
Teaser trailer

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1rm3t_the-blair-witch-project-trailer_fun

White text on black screen connotes documentary style, gives exposition to time period and setting. Audio over of female crying, Ambient noise can be heard, signifies shot off hand held camcorder, signifies amateur filming. Girl crying, apologizing to parents, says "my project" title comes onto screen echoed drum beat increases tension. Close up shot from bellow of girl crying, shaking.
Teaser trailer 2

http://www.fandango.com/theblairwitchprojectmovietrailer/484

Begins with music, long drawn out strings increases heart rate of audience subconsciously. White text on black screen used to connote documentary style and give exposition. Flash on screen of forrest in black and white, critics quotes over the top. Sound of girl screaming over black, flashes in shot of girl, black and white blurry looking scared, slow motion putting hand over mouth. Point of view shot slow motion running through forrest. Title flashes on to screen. Running with torch only source of light, eerie sound like knife being brought down, cuts to black then sound of woman screaming.

Cherry Falls (Geoffrey Wright) 2000 Fresh Produce Company

www.reelzchannel.com/trailer-clips/21983/cherry-falls-trailer

Begins with an above shot of a car, flash like a camera gives sense of realism. Black and white signifies flashback, teenage boy telling a ghost story. Deep male voice starts telling story, shows ironic tone, mocking horror film codes and conventions. Shots of ordinary town juxtaposed with shots of teenagers screaming. Shot of school in black and white fading to colour shows time progression. Red flashes used to connote violence without showing it on screen. Shot of girl dying in black and white then in colour to show same thing happened in the past. Extreme close up of eyes and faces to convey emotion. Uses horror convention of parents and figures of authority being useless. Radio announcement used to give exposition of deaths. Twists horror convention, virgins being killed instead of promiscuous teenagers.

When A Stranger Calls (Simon West) 2006 Screen Gems

http://www.apple.com/trailers/sony_pictures/whenastrangercalls/

Opens with shot of phone, Slow zoom then short takes of girl screaming with fuzzing noise over the top like a broken phone. Makes audience jump and automatically puts them on edge. Non diegetic dialogue of girl answering phone then hanging up. Long shot of car driving along isolated rural road. Expensive car signifies middle class characters stereotypical of horror films. Lots of trees create sense of isolation. House surrounded by trees with lots of windows creates a sense of isolation and vunerabitlity as everyone can see in. As parents leave weather gets worse, pathetic fallacy. Phone stops working, typical horror stereotype. Shot Someone trying to open door, oppositional reading, makes you think the killer is outside when he is actually inside. Shot of boyfriend at party gives the girl more innocent final girl characteristics as she chose to babysit. Audio of police conversation, typical horror stereotype, police are useless and don't help her. Non diegetic sound of phone ringing repeatedly builds tension, words such as isolated and alone flash on to screen. Shakey fast zoom towards house gives sense of something coming towards, being watched.

Donkey Punch (Oliver Blackburn) 2009 EM media

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/donkey-punch/trailer

Opens with male voice "Anyone heard of a donkey punch" leaves narrative enigma to as audience as to what a donkey punch is. Long shot of sea and hotels gives exposition to location. Mise en scene in room suggests they are on holiday in hotel eg curtains. Suggests cheap hotel and vodka signifies lower social class. Two girls portrayed as arrogant, boys are more well spoken. Music signifies target audience (16 to 35) Sun emphasized in lighting, blue tint used when situation starts to go wrong. Girls shown taking drugs, ecstasy, doesn't fit with usual horror convention of not doing anything stronger than cannabis, shows difference between independent british horror and american horrors. Slashing sounds, red/orange filter used during sex scene flashes to strong blue filter when girl dies. Flashes of light used to keep violence off screen.

Babysitter Wanted (Michel Manaserri) 2009 Big Screen Entertainment Group

http://www.apple.com/trailers/independent/babysitterwanted/

Begins with extreme close up of girls eyes and forehead cut above eye and mumbling noises signify gagged and in pain. White flash and cuts to shot of same girl driving car. Long moving shots like from car show isolated landscape. White shot cuts back to girl hanging upside down, cut arms and voice over of girl saying "its only collage" gives exposition as to where girl is going. Shot reverse shot of girl talking to mother, cross on wall behind shows they are religious, gives characteristics of final girl. Boy asks if he is talking to him, low drum beat signifies something isn't right, even though boy uses joking tone. Shot of woman putting up missing posters then shot of saws and knives with voice over "what do you think happened to her" Long shot of final girl and other girl talking, man walks in to shot from behind, over the shoulder shot of him watching girls. As he walks into shot animalistic roaring noise used. Then faint sound of girl screaming, along with 3 progressively closer short cut shots of a van, white flashes in-between shots gives impact. Long moving shot of girl in a phone box calling about baby sitting job. Trees in the shot and movement of camera gives sense of being stalked, similar to techniques used in Halloween (John Carpenter 1979) More shots of car driving through isolated, barren mountains. Shot of red car driving then shot of blue van from before pulling into shot. Next a shot in rear view mirror of blue van behind, driver silhouetted. Shots of boy hiding behind mother and running away music used and emphasis on shyness signify something isn't right, boy has more significance. Noises such as lights switching off amplified. Breathing noises as girl looks outside increase tension, bridged over to shot of boy gives anchorage to his significance. Police useless, common horror convention. Quick shot of house slowly zoomed indicates someone watching. Shot of boy then shot of illustrated picture with screeching over the top. Shot of disfigured hand pulling out wires and cuts to black. Noise of phone dead used over shots builds tension. Quick shots of girl tied up, a key, very out of focus man walking towards camera. Pans onto some candles, suggests ritual, masks hung similar to Michel Myers in Halloween. Shot of blonde hair next to a hammer and boy picking hammer up.

The Shinning teaser trailer (1980) Stanley Kubrick Warner Bros. Pictures

www.movie-list.com/trailers.php?id=shining

Shot of hotel lobby, red lift doors in centre. Title of movie, director and actors come up from bottom slowly and off screen. Music like clock ticking, buzzing sound in background builds tension, indicates waiting for something to happen. Ticking gets faster and shriller, amplifies slowly. Same titles still on rotate, connotations of hypnosis. Titles stop and blood starts pouring from corners of lifts, no diegetic sound only non diegetic. Blood splashes up the walls and towards the camera then up in front of the camera leaves red filter. Barley visible is furniture being carried away by blood, titles fade in and music becomes more warped and wailing.

A Clockwork Orange (1971) Stanley Kubrick Warner Bros. Pictures

www.traileraddict.com/trailer/clockwork-orange/trailer-b



Opens with text about novel, appeals to already build fan base. Drum and bass music, fast passed appeals to a teenage audience. Title and director flashes in bright colours along with shots of of central protagonist inter cut. Long shot down tunnel of males walking towards camera, lighting from behind emphasizes shadows.